一、求一篇有关于旅游的英语论文

Higher Tourism English professional English teaching model to explore scenarios

[Abstract] the primary characteristics of vocational education to write papers on behalf of students is to cultivate the ability to integrate theory with practice, this paper discusses the characteristics of tourism in English and discusses the use of more on the way to - scenes approach, noting that such Method The advantages and problems, and Tourism English Teaching Problems also included in the scope of discussion.

[Key words] Vocational Education Tourism English teaching methods and problem scenarios

First, several characteristics of Tourism English

1. Practical strong. We often talk about the theory and practice should be a combination of (theory must be integrated with practice), the theory of learning is to better guide the practice, guides the work of one of the characteristics is to practice. Guides, known as civil ambassadors and image ambassador, who in the international exchanges of the role is particularly important, even if they have a solid theoretical knowledge, but it can not be used for practical work, this is not a qualified tour guides.

2. Specialized. There is no doubt that in the tourism teaching English inevitably involves travel to the deep expertise. The six basic elements of tourism, food, shelter, transportation, travel purchase, entertainment and tourism resources, tourism planning, hotels, travel agencies, tourist attractions such as the various departments of knowledge, requires students to master these basic professional basic knowledge. If the creation of the relevant professional courses on tourism professionals to learn and understand English will be of great help.

3. Comprehensive and strong. Involved in the tourism industry knowledge is very complex, politics, history, literature, art, architecture, religion, gardening, such as multi-disciplinary knowledge, I have seen a few of the basic teaching materials are in accordance with the six elements of tourism know-how into the above into which constitute a whole.

Second, tourism scene in English Teaching

As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher, then how to train students interested in teaching has become one important aspect. Above have already said that guides the work of highly practical, but also in certain scenes occurred, such as tours at the airport shuttle, how welcoming and farewell speech, to move into the hotel, along the guided tours, attractions and so on , the author based on different scenarios into the training purposes of which have achieved good results, the following I would like to give one example, Unit 11 WaterTour: Lijiang river.

1. BACKGROUND introduced (backgroundinformation)

This is paving the way each unit of knowledge and information to add, so that students of the natural resources of water have a total understanding, it can generally be divided into several categories: rivers, lakes, sea, hot springs, waterfalls, each category is a list of the most distinctive examples, such as: the Yangtze River, the West Lake, Jinan's Baotu Spring, Guizhou Huangguoshu waterfall, and then broken down into each, such as: What are the sites of West Lake, and the English translation shown to students, the I have followed each of the modules in this order, descending from a whole to partial, and the use of courseware ppt documents, first introduced after the display picture. Here I want to say is, the traditional template significantly those of very old, very old-fashioned style, teachers can browse the Web in the process of peace will be their favorite picture or interesting for tourism save the picture of English language teaching, and their ppt documents into standby, the best choice of picture and each unit can be relevant to the subject, of course, need to spend a lot of work, but good value for money, students in the learning process can inspire their interest.

2. Courseware on specific (detailed explanation)

The theme of this module is to introduce the world famous Lijiang River in Guilin landscape, the article is mainly to readers as a tourist, took us to visit the scenic甲天下, Castle Peak, Xiushui, Qishi, reflection ..., the article is more inclined to the narrative is a Field guides word. In order to allow students to Lijiang's landscape there is a general understanding, I will introduce into the relevant spots in which, such as the Reed Flute Cave, Cheung Pei Shan, Qixingyan and so on, to the students a whole pattern.

3. Scenarios interpretation (situational presentation)

This is the most difficult step in the process of belonging to the output. At the end of each unit after the lecture, I will place the students of this unit have learned the content of drilling can be carried out group work, to enable students through role-playing (role play), so that students feel like, and give full play to their own imagination, and promote active learning students enthusiasm. Another method is to knowledge in their own language to organize themselves, and then they speak out, each class 10 minutes before I do, so can study the effect of book knowledge. However, in the course of the author, Professor, students or the existence of certain problems will arise, if students are too rigidly adhere to teaching materials, as well as the students are short of certain cross-cultural communication of knowledge, in exchange they would often make the phenomenon of culture shock. Such as in teaching to join the cross-cultural communication on the knowledge, you can play with the foreign exchange the role of lubricants to avoid conflict, do not be embarrassed to enable the two sides.

Third, the main problems

1. Materials relatively single

Most of the tourism professional teaching English only for the province or a region, there is no nationwide introduction of the overall attraction, and the same theme, introducing a time when almost all of the same language, the lack of reference materials; part of teaching materials to more Tourism deep expertise in the overall translated into English, which is no tourism expertise to pave the way for English learners is difficult to understand, but such a career as higher vocational institutions, such as pure things significantly less useful, specific spots should be introduced to include a good word to focus on a good sentence, such as better able to recite in order to achieve the purpose of training. In addition, if the publication of these films all over the scenery of the English version of CD-ROM, coupled with on-site tour guides, students can imitate, or if there is mute function to allow students to come under the shooting scene with their own explanations, so the skills the requirements and further improved, for those who have a higher base and capacity of students.

2. The lack of professional teaching English for Tourism

At present, the majority of teachers are tourism management professional or graduate English majors, specialized school English teachers very little tourism, so it is very difficult to teach the process of grasping the curriculum focus, or not grasped, may be the beginning of the semester or students, and gradually becomes a monologue students became teachers, Ap Lei like to listen to teaching. I think the teachers can take part in some training activities, continue to accumulate experience, check the length of others make up for our own short, At the same time, teachers can also go to the first line of services for others to experience the pleasure brought about by, to better promote classroom teaching.

3. The lack of school internship training base

At present most of the opening of Tourism English professional school, the teaching and practice are basically out of touch. First of all, to impart theoretical knowledge, and then make use of other practical semester. If we can combine theory and practice so that you can receive good results. However, due to practical needs some practice material support, so most students will need on their own to sum up in practice, so that delayed a lot of valuable time.

二、女性旅游消费心理论文参考文献

现代女性所具有的独特的生理和心理特征以及她们在家庭中和社会上所扮演的角色决定女性消费者是市场中最为活跃的主角。因此企业经营者了解女性消费心理并依照其特点进行有针对性的市场营销，定能像拓荒者一样开发出令人惊喜的“处女地”： 让幻想型女性“美梦成真”； 让虚荣型女性拥有“唯一”； 让情调型女性“情有独钟” ；让创造欲强的女性有“用武之地”； 让爱美的女性风姿尽显；让为人之母的女性“爱有所托”。

女性消费者是市场中最为活跃的主角，她们至少左右日常生活中3/4的购买力，这主要是由女性所具有的独特的生理和心理特征以及她们在家庭中和社会上所扮演的角色所决定的。一方面，她们内心世界的不断变幻会在消费行为上表现出许多不确定性。比如在穿着上，一个女性可能会在今天装扮得娇媚时髦，明天却又穿得平淡无奇；另一方面，由于女性在家庭中承担了母亲、女儿、妻子、主妇等多种角色，她们理所当然地成为了绝大多数儿童用品、老人用品、男性用品、家庭用品的购买者。面对庞大的女性消费世界，生产者和经营者具有同等的市场机会。如果企业能够多争取到一位忠实的女顾客，就可以通过这条渠道而联系和争取到她周围的许多消费者，从而扩大销售。因此企业经营者了解女性消费心理并依照其特点进行有针对性的市场营销，定能像拓荒者一样开发出令人惊喜的“处女地”。

让幻想型女性“美梦成真”

多数女性都具有热情细腻、联想丰富的心理特征，部分女性基于一种窘迫的现实，喜欢以自己的实际生活为基础进行联想，并常把幻想当作现实的组成部分。如果企业经营者能在市场营销中巧妙地运用女性所特有的这种不完全幻想，处处留给她们发挥想像力的余地，同时满足她们幻想和实用价值两方面的要求，使其美梦成真，就极容易诱导女性产生购买行为。有的化妆品的经营者就是巧妙地利用这一点，将大自然中的各种香味融进化妆品中，让女人们由化妆品的香味产生联想，去感受大自然的乐趣。目前，化妆品香型又由花香型发展到幻想香型，国外许多高级香水是根据著名乐曲或诗画的主题和意境配制的。例如“巴黎之夜”香水，使人仿佛进入名曲“巴黎之夜”的情境之中，幻觉出优美繁华的都市夜色；又如“雾的早晨”、“永恒的光辉”、“爱的良宵”、“美的梦乡”等等，无不让喜欢化妆品的女人们从联想、幻想中得到美的享受，其结果当然会令女人们倾囊购买了。如果我们由此得到启发，把中国古曲“春江花月夜”、“翠湖春晓”、“二泉映月”等诗情画意融入化妆品的香型中，该是何等绝妙的境界！

让虚荣型女性拥有“唯一”

部分女性心中常有一种“只有我一个”的“唯一”意识，经常希望自己是“与众不同的一个”，她们为了成为“唯一”的，常常会产生冲动性的购买行为。如果商品经营者能迎合这部分虚荣女性“拥有唯一”的心理，提供她们向往的“唯有我用”的诱惑，不仅能得到好的收益，而且还能通过她们向自己同伴吹嘘而连带收到免费广告的效果。有一家女子用品超级市场，专营女士服装和各种妇女保健用品。他们为迎合虚荣女性“拥有唯一”的消费心理，十天半月就推出一种新潮女装，而且同一款式、花色的服装进货量绝对不超过???凹?。许多妇女为了能够“尝新”，表现其与众不同，绝不会放过机会，购买时异常踊跃，该店的生意当然红火。

让情调型女性“情有独钟”

部分女性消费者的兴趣比男性更容易表现在与商品和服务有关的环境格局及情调上。因为女性在心理个性上比男性有更强的情感特征，往往会通过感觉器官的直接感受形成对商品和服务的偏好，尤其是年轻女顾客表现突出。商品的名称、外观、色彩、款式以及购物、进餐、娱乐环境中不同的建筑风格、装饰布局和色调、声音、温度、气味等均可造成某种独特的情调渲染，在这种特有的情调中，她们极容易产生冲动性和诱发性购买行为，常常会因为这一“情调”的感染而不惜高价享受。例如每年的2月14日是西方的“情人节”，近年来在中国的各大城市的鲜花市场和礼品店里，每逢情人节也都掀起了购物热潮，玫瑰花、巧克力尽管身价倍增，但是作为爱情的信物，人们看中的是它所代表的浪漫与纯洁。敏感的经营者抓住这一情感消费的契机，竞相推出“粉色的情人节”、“浪漫的情人节之夜”等消费项目。正如一妙龄女郎所言：“我就是喜欢这情调！”确实，柔柔的烛光、朦胧的色调、优雅的舞步、浓浓的爱意，使人们沉醉其中，消费支出的高低已经不是她们考虑的重点了。跨国经营的美国吉列公司推出了通体透明的男性剃须用具后，曾出现了令人费解的场面―――购买者多是女性！原来，女人们认为透明象征着爱与深情，作为妻子或情人的女性顾客，当然要为了爱情而慷慨一回了。因此，企业经营者在市场营销策划中通过诸如色彩、声音、温度、气味等的有效搭配，造成某种独特的情调渲染，定将收益不菲。难怪欧美的一些著名商店，门面装潢之堂皇，铺面设计之巧妙，柜台设计之富丽，灯光配置之协调，都令人叹为观止。它们浑然一体，似艺术之宫，使置身其间的顾客都飘飘然以艺术家的风度进行鉴赏，因而乐此不疲，购物冲动当然会油然而生。

让创造欲强的女性有“用武之地”

由于女性在家庭中的特殊地位，大部分女性都认为凭着自己的慧眼和巧手，通过购物而使她们的家居保持舒适、温馨、井井有条，这就是最大的创造和骄傲。对创造性的向往是大多数女性购物的主要动机之一。她们常常不愿买现成的毛衣而是去买各种毛线，然后用自己的巧手编织成别具一格的“母子装”、“情人装”等；她们也热衷于光顾街头小摊，寻宝似地购买一些价廉物美的物品，通过拼凑、裁剪，把一个家装饰得温馨、舒适、富有情趣。企业经营者若能准确把握女性这种独特的心理特征，在产品经营的品种、方式上留给她们一片创造的空间和施展才华的余地，诱导女性创造欲的产生，必将如愿以偿。美国纽约闹市中有一家专卖妇女用品的商店，门口总是堆放着零乱的布料、衣服、装饰品等，吸引了许多女顾客寻宝似地挑出各自需要的商品。有人不解其意，问老板为何不把货物摆放整齐，老板一语道破天机：“要是那样的话，这些女士就没有如此的兴趣和精力了。”这位老板正是摸透了女性消费者创造欲强的心理特点，她们总希望通过自己的慧眼去寻找能装扮自己生活的商品，用巧手创造更加舒适美好的生活。

让爱美的女性风姿尽显

爱美心理在女性当中尤为普遍。虽然她们会由于年龄的差异导致各自审美的角度不同，但一般都对自己的身材和穿着打扮比较讲究，总是希望能使自己更苗条，打扮得更漂亮或更得体些，所以她们对可以使自己容貌娇好、身材苗条的美容、健身、减肥等用品和服务倍加青睐，对服装、首饰、随身携带品等可以增美商品都会争相购买。洞悉女性这一爱美的心理特征，企业营销者们曾经策划过美容美发热、健身热、减肥热以及各种时装的流行趋势，当然也带来了不菲的收益。美国谢菲德裤袜公司经过市场调查发现，有40％的美国妇女都存在因为身材肥胖而不穿裤袜的自卑心理，他们经过长时间的研究，终于设计推出一种名为“胖妈妈”型的裤袜，并推出相应的广告心理战：由3位胖墩墩的女孩站成一排，笑颜灿烂，抬头挺胸，穿上裤袜从侧面看上去，非但无肥胖之感，倒让人觉得她们实在是快乐而健美，对生活充满了信心。广告词是：“胖妈妈，你真漂亮！”这一广告播出后，一个月内收到7000多封女性消费者的赞誉信，“胖妈妈”型裤袜的独特设计款式迎合了女性们的爱美心理，市场销售量直线上升，奠定了该公司在美国妇女裤袜市场的重要地位。

让为人之母的女性“爱有所托”

母爱是女性消费者独特的天性，母爱在任何时间和空间里，都是不受限制的。在母亲们的眼里，她的宝贝是不寻常的，不仅是她的“心肝”，而且是未来的伟人。不仅孩子们的任何正当要求母亲们都会拼尽全力去满足，而且她们的爱往往会以各式消费（如购物、智力投资等）为依托来表达。把握女性这一消费心理往往成为许多企业营销者成功的契机。麦当劳之所以称霸世界，欧美市场上的儿童用品之所以喜欢印上“我的小天使”、“我的好妈妈”等字样，恐怕秘诀就在这里。我国少年儿童消费水平用一句话来形容是“吃得精、穿得新、玩得广”，妈妈们更是“望子成龙”、“盼女成凤”，给孩子们的东西应有尽有，智力投资更是妈妈们消费开支中的主要项目。北京东城区一所小学对全校700余名学生作过调查，学过乐器的占36 .3％，其中一年级学生占到47.2％。学绘画、学书法、学电脑、学外语的业余培训费用每学期少则交付几十元，多则几百元，更不用说单独请家教的费用了，这种情形在全国各大城市是一种极为普遍的现象，但有时家长施加的意愿往往使孩子们产生逆反和厌学心理。如果企业营销策划者们能借鉴国外促销的先进经验，结合我国儿童特点，寓教于乐，在少儿用品市场上多想想主意，协助和引导母亲们，使之能“爱有所托”，岂不一举两得！